// 第 16 章配图 using Cookbook.Core; using UnityEngine; using UnityEngine.Experimental.Rendering.Universal; // RenderObjects 在这个命名空间 using UnityEngine.Rendering; using UnityEngine.Rendering.Universal; namespace Cookbook.Ch16 { static class Shots16 { // ---------------- 程序化贴图 ---------------- static Texture2D MakeTex(int w, int h, System.Func f, bool mip = true, string name = "Tex") { var t = new Texture2D(w, h, TextureFormat.RGBA32, mip, false) { name = name, wrapMode = TextureWrapMode.Repeat, filterMode = FilterMode.Trilinear, anisoLevel = 4, hideFlags = HideFlags.DontSave }; var px = new Color[w * h]; for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) px[y * w + x] = f((x + 0.5f) / w, (y + 0.5f) / h); t.SetPixels(px); t.Apply(mip); return t; } // 白色圆盘，边缘有一点柔和过渡 static Texture2D Disc() => MakeTex(128, 128, (u, v) => { float r = Mathf.Sqrt((u - 0.5f) * (u - 0.5f) + (v - 0.5f) * (v - 0.5f)) * 2f; return new Color(1, 1, 1, Mathf.Clamp01((1f - r) / 0.12f)); }, false, "Disc"); // 预乘版圆盘：rgb = alpha static Texture2D DiscPremul() => MakeTex(128, 128, (u, v) => { float r = Mathf.Sqrt((u - 0.5f) * (u - 0.5f) + (v - 0.5f) * (v - 0.5f)) * 2f; float a = Mathf.Clamp01((1f - r) / 0.12f) ; return new Color(a, a, a, a); }, false, "DiscPremul"); // 预乘版“圆盘 + 外圈辉光”：辉光部分 rgb > 0 但 alpha = 0，混合时纯叠加 static Texture2D DiscGlowPremul() => MakeTex(128, 128, (u, v) => { float r = Mathf.Sqrt((u - 0.5f) * (u - 0.5f) + (v - 0.5f) * (v - 0.5f)) * 2f; float a = Mathf.Clamp01((1f - r * 1.6f) / 0.08f); // 实心部分小一圈 float glow = Mathf.Pow(Mathf.Clamp01(1f - r), 1.3f); float c = Mathf.Max(a, glow); return new Color(c, c, c, a); }, false, "DiscGlowPremul"); // 背景板：上部是黑→白渐变，下部是色相条 static Texture2D Backdrop() => MakeTex(256, 128, (u, v) => { if (v > 0.38f) { float g = Mathf.Pow(u, 2.2f); return new Color(g, g, g, 1); } var c = Color.HSVToRGB(u, 0.75f, 0.9f); return c; }, false, "Backdrop"); // 铁丝网：两组对角细线 static Texture2D Fence() => MakeTex(256, 256, (u, v) => { float a = Mathf.Abs(Mathf.Repeat(u * 4 + v * 4, 1f) - 0.5f); float b = Mathf.Abs(Mathf.Repeat(u * 4 - v * 4, 1f) - 0.5f); float d = Mathf.Min(0.5f - a, 0.5f - b); // 到最近细线的距离（以格子为单位） float alpha = Mathf.Clamp01((0.06f - d) / 0.02f + 0.5f); float shade = 0.55f + 0.35f * Mathf.Clamp01(1f - d / 0.06f); return new Color(shade, shade * 0.97f, shade * 0.92f, alpha); }, true, "Fence"); // ---------------- Blend ---------------- struct BlendCfg { public string name; public BlendMode src, dst; public BlendOp op; public string output; } static void BlendScene(Shot s, BlendCfg c, Texture2D disc) { s.Background(Color.black); s.Cam.orthographic = true; s.Cam.orthographicSize = 1.3f; s.Cam.transform.SetPositionAndRotation(new Vector3(0, 0, -5), Quaternion.identity); var bg = s.Mat("Universal Render Pipeline/Unlit"); bg.SetTexture("_BaseMap", Backdrop()); var q = s.Quad(bg, new Vector3(0, 0, 1)); q.transform.localScale = new Vector3(4.2f, 2.7f, 1); Color[] cols = { new Color(1f, 0.25f, 0.2f, 0.7f), new Color(0.25f, 1f, 0.3f, 0.7f), new Color(0.25f, 0.4f, 1f, 0.7f) }; Vector3[] pos = { new Vector3(-0.38f, 0.32f, 0), new Vector3(0.38f, 0.32f, -0.01f), new Vector3(0, -0.3f, -0.02f) }; for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { var m = s.Mat("Cookbook/Ch16/BlendModes"); m.SetTexture("_BaseMap", disc); m.SetColor("_BaseColor", cols[i]); m.SetFloat("_SrcBlend", (float)c.src); m.SetFloat("_DstBlend", (float)c.dst); m.SetFloat("_BlendOp", (float)c.op); foreach (var k in new[] { "_OUTPUT_STRAIGHT", "_OUTPUT_PREMULTIPLY", "_OUTPUT_MULTIPLYREADY" }) m.DisableKeyword(k); m.EnableKeyword(c.output); s.Quad(m, pos[i], 1.25f); } } [BookShot("ch16-blend-a", W = 640, H = 420, Panels = 3)] static void BlendA(Shot s) { var cfg = new[] { new BlendCfg { src = BlendMode.SrcAlpha, dst = BlendMode.OneMinusSrcAlpha, op = BlendOp.Add, output = "_OUTPUT_STRAIGHT" }, new BlendCfg { src = BlendMode.One, dst = BlendMode.OneMinusSrcAlpha, op = BlendOp.Add, output = "_OUTPUT_PREMULTIPLY" }, new BlendCfg { src = BlendMode.SrcAlpha, dst = BlendMode.One, op = BlendOp.Add, output = "_OUTPUT_STRAIGHT" } }; BlendScene(s, cfg[s.Panel], s.Panel == 1 ? DiscGlowPremul() : Disc()); } [BookShot("ch16-blend-b", W = 640, H = 420, Panels = 3)] static void BlendB(Shot s) { var cfg = new[] { new BlendCfg { src = BlendMode.OneMinusDstColor, dst = BlendMode.One, op = BlendOp.Add, output = "_OUTPUT_PREMULTIPLY" }, new BlendCfg { src = BlendMode.DstColor, dst = BlendMode.Zero, op = BlendOp.Add, output = "_OUTPUT_MULTIPLYREADY" }, new BlendCfg { src = BlendMode.One, dst = BlendMode.One, op = BlendOp.Max, output = "_OUTPUT_PREMULTIPLY" } }; BlendScene(s, cfg[s.Panel], s.Panel == 1 ? Disc() : DiscPremul()); } // ---------------- ZTest / ZWrite / Cull ---------------- [BookShot("ch16-zstates", W = 480, H = 400, Panels = 4)] static void ZStates(Shot s) { s.Floor(); var wall = s.Cube(s.Lit(new Color(0.55f, 0.6f, 0.68f), 0, 0.2f), new Vector3(-0.35f, 0.75f, -0.6f)); wall.transform.localScale = new Vector3(1.3f, 1.5f, 0.12f); var m = s.Mat("Cookbook/Ch16/RenderStates"); m.renderQueue = 2010; // 在墙之后绘制，ZTest Always/Greater 才有意义 CompareFunction[] zt = { CompareFunction.LessEqual, CompareFunction.Always, CompareFunction.Greater, CompareFunction.LessEqual }; m.SetFloat("_ZTest", (float)zt[s.Panel]); m.SetFloat("_Cull", s.Panel == 3 ? (float)CullMode.Front : (float)CullMode.Back); s.Knot(m, new Vector3(0.1f, 0.95f, 0.5f), 1.0f); s.LookAt(new Vector3(0, 1.6f, -4.4f), new Vector3(0, 0.8f, 0), 36); s.SunDir(45, -30, 1.2f); } // ---------------- 排序 ---------------- [BookShot("ch16-sorting", W = 640, H = 480, Panels = 3)] static void Sorting(Shot s) { s.Floor(); s.Cube(s.Lit(new Color(0.9f, 0.75f, 0.3f), 0, 0.4f), new Vector3(1.0f, 0.6f, 2.6f), 1.2f).transform.rotation = Quaternion.Euler(0, 30, 0); Material m; if (s.Panel < 2) { m = s.Mat("Cookbook/Ch16/TransparentLit"); m.SetFloat("_ZWrite", s.Panel); } else m = s.Mat("Cookbook/Ch16/TransparentPrepass"); m.SetColor("_BaseColor", new Color(0.2f, 0.6f, 1f, 0.55f)); s.Knot(m, new Vector3(-0.2f, 1.0f, 0), 1.1f); s.LookAt(new Vector3(0, 1.6f, -3.6f), new Vector3(0, 0.95f, 0.3f), 40); s.SunDir(50, -30, 1.2f); } // ---------------- Alpha Clip / A2C ---------------- [BookShot("ch16-cutout", W = 640, H = 420, Panels = 3)] static void Cutout(Shot s) { s.Floor(); var m = s.Mat("Cookbook/Ch16/Cutout"); m.SetTexture("_BaseMap", Fence()); m.SetTextureScale("_BaseMap", new Vector2(6, 2)); m.SetFloat("_AlphaToMask", s.Panel >= 1 ? 1 : 0); m.SetFloat("_Sharpen", s.Panel == 2 ? 1 : 0); m.SetFloat("_MipScale", s.Panel == 2 ? 1 : 0); var q = s.Quad(m, new Vector3(0.6f, 1.0f, 3f)); q.transform.localScale = new Vector3(12f, 2f, 1f); q.transform.rotation = Quaternion.Euler(0, 62, 0); s.Sphere(s.Lit(new Color(0.85f, 0.3f, 0.25f), 0, 0.5f), new Vector3(1.6f, 0.45f, 3.4f), 0.9f); s.LookAt(new Vector3(-0.6f, 1.2f, -1.6f), new Vector3(0.9f, 0.9f, 2.5f), 40); s.SunDir(40, -60, 1.3f); MsaaView.Use(s, 640, 420, 4, 3); // 以 1/3 分辨率渲染后放大，锯齿看得更清楚 } // ---------------- 抖动透明 ---------------- [BookShot("ch16-dither", W = 960, H = 400)] static void Dither(Shot s) { s.Floor(); float[] fade = { 1f, 0.75f, 0.5f, 0.25f }; for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { var m = s.Mat("Cookbook/Ch16/DitherFade"); m.SetFloat("_Fade", fade[i]); s.Capsule(m, new Vector3(-1.95f + i * 1.3f, 1.0f, 0), 1f); } s.LookAt(new Vector3(0, 1.5f, -4.6f), new Vector3(0, 0.8f, 0.4f), 34); s.SunDir(40, -20, 1.3f); } // ---------------- 双面 ---------------- // 开口的半球“碗”：只有一层面，法线朝外 static Mesh Bowl(int rings = 16, int segs = 48) { var v = new System.Collections.Generic.List(); var n = new System.Collections.Generic.List(); var idx = new System.Collections.Generic.List(); for (int r = 0; r <= rings; r++) { float phi = Mathf.PI * 0.5f * r / rings; // 0 = 底部，π/2 = 碗口 for (int sg = 0; sg <= segs; sg++) { float th = Mathf.PI * 2f * sg / segs; var d = new Vector3(Mathf.Sin(phi) * Mathf.Cos(th), -Mathf.Cos(phi), Mathf.Sin(phi) * Mathf.Sin(th)); v.Add(d * 0.5f); n.Add(d); } } for (int r = 0; r < rings; r++) for (int sg = 0; sg < segs; sg++) { int a = r * (segs + 1) + sg, b = a + segs + 1; idx.AddRange(new[] { a, b, a + 1, b, b + 1, a + 1 }); } var m = new Mesh { name = "Bowl" }; m.SetVertices(v); m.SetNormals(n); m.SetTriangles(idx, 0); m.RecalculateBounds(); return m; } [BookShot("ch16-twosided", W = 640, H = 480, Panels = 3)] static void TwoSided(Shot s) { s.Floor(); var m = s.Mat("Cookbook/Ch16/TwoSided"); m.SetFloat("_Cull", s.Panel == 0 ? (float)CullMode.Back : (float)CullMode.Off); m.SetFloat("_FlipBackNormal", s.Panel == 2 ? 1 : 0); if (s.Panel == 1) m.SetColor("_BackColor", m.GetColor("_BaseColor")); // 中图只看光照对不对，背面不换色 var bowl = s.MeshObj(Bowl(), m, new Vector3(-0.55f, 0.75f, 0.2f), 1.6f, "Bowl"); bowl.transform.rotation = Quaternion.Euler(-25, 0, 10); var sheet = s.MeshObj(Meshes.Grid(1.2f, 24), m, new Vector3(1.2f, 0.75f, 0.3f), 1f, "Sheet"); sheet.transform.rotation = Quaternion.Euler(65, -35, 0); // 法线背向相机：我们看到的是它的背面 s.LookAt(new Vector3(0, 2.2f, -4.0f), new Vector3(0.3f, 0.6f, 0.2f), 36); s.SunDir(50, -40, 1.3f); } // ---------------- X 光（模板） ---------------- [BookShot("ch16-xray", W = 640, H = 480, Panels = 2)] static void XRay(Shot s) { s.Floor(); var wall = s.Cube(s.Lit(new Color(0.6f, 0.62f, 0.66f), 0, 0.2f), new Vector3(-0.55f, 0.9f, -0.5f)); wall.transform.localScale = new Vector3(1.3f, 1.8f, 0.15f); //#region xray-setup // 角色：第一个材质正常着色并写模板 1；第二个材质是 X 光剪影（Transparent 队列，ZTest Greater） var body = s.Mat("Cookbook/Ch16/StencilLit"); body.SetColor("_BaseColor", new Color(0.9f, 0.45f, 0.2f)); body.SetFloat("_StencilRef", 1); body.SetFloat("_StencilComp", (float)CompareFunction.Always); body.SetFloat("_StencilPass", (float)StencilOp.Replace); var xray = s.Mat("Cookbook/Ch16/XRaySilhouette"); // 左图：不做模板测试（Always）；右图：只在模板 ≠ 1（不是角色自身可见部分）处绘制 xray.SetFloat("_StencilComp", s.Panel == 0 ? (float)CompareFunction.Always : (float)CompareFunction.NotEqual); var knot = s.Knot(body, new Vector3(0.05f, 1.0f, 0.6f), 1.15f); knot.GetComponent().sharedMaterials = new[] { body, xray }; // 多出的材质会把网格再画一遍 //#endregion s.LookAt(new Vector3(0, 1.6f, -4.4f), new Vector3(0, 0.9f, 0), 36); s.SunDir(45, -30, 1.2f); } // ---------------- 传送门（模板） ---------------- [BookShot("ch16-portal", W = 640, H = 480, Panels = 2)] static void Portal(Shot s) { Material Inner(Color c, bool unlit = false) { var m = s.Mat("Cookbook/Ch16/StencilLit"); m.SetColor("_BaseColor", c); m.SetFloat("_StencilRef", 1); m.SetFloat("_StencilComp", (float)CompareFunction.Equal); // 只在门内可见 m.SetFloat("_Unlit", unlit ? 1 : 0); return m; } // 外面的地面：模板 ≠ 1 才画，否则会挡住门里的世界 var outerFloor = s.Mat("Cookbook/Ch16/StencilLit"); outerFloor.SetTexture("_BaseMap", s.CoreTex("checker")); outerFloor.SetTextureScale("_BaseMap", new Vector2(7.5f, 7.5f)); outerFloor.SetColor("_BaseColor", new Color(0.75f, 0.75f, 0.75f)); outerFloor.SetFloat("_StencilComp", (float)CompareFunction.NotEqual); s.Floor(outerFloor); // 门框 + 遮罩 var frame = s.Lit(new Color(0.35f, 0.3f, 0.28f), 0, 0.3f); void Box(Vector3 p, Vector3 sc) { var c = s.Cube(frame, p); c.transform.localScale = sc; } Box(new Vector3(-0.85f, 1.1f, 0), new Vector3(0.2f, 2.2f, 0.3f)); Box(new Vector3(0.85f, 1.1f, 0), new Vector3(0.2f, 2.2f, 0.3f)); Box(new Vector3(0, 2.3f, 0), new Vector3(1.9f, 0.2f, 0.3f)); var mask = s.Quad(s.Mat("Cookbook/Ch16/StencilMask"), new Vector3(0, 1.1f, 0)); mask.transform.localScale = new Vector3(1.5f, 2.2f, 1); // 门里的世界：紫色天幕、发光的地面和几个物体，全部 Stencil Equal 1，且不投射阴影 var sky = s.Sphere(Inner(new Color(0.25f, 0.12f, 0.4f), true), new Vector3(0, 0, 6), 22f); sky.GetComponent().sharedMaterial.SetFloat("_Cull", (float)CullMode.Front); var floorIn = s.Quad(Inner(new Color(0.2f, 0.5f, 0.45f)), new Vector3(0, 0.005f, 6), 20f); floorIn.transform.rotation = Quaternion.Euler(90, 0, 0); var objs = new[] { s.Sphere(Inner(new Color(1f, 0.6f, 0.2f)), new Vector3(-0.6f, 0.6f, 2.5f), 1.2f), s.Knot(Inner(new Color(0.4f, 0.8f, 1f)), new Vector3(0.9f, 1.1f, 4f), 1.2f), s.Cube(Inner(new Color(0.95f, 0.85f, 0.3f)), new Vector3(-1.6f, 0.5f, 5f), 1.0f), s.Cylinder(Inner(new Color(0.9f, 0.4f, 0.6f)), new Vector3(2.4f, 1f, 6.5f), 0.8f) }; foreach (var go in new[] { sky, floorIn }) go.GetComponent().shadowCastingMode = ShadowCastingMode.Off; foreach (var go in objs) go.GetComponent().shadowCastingMode = ShadowCastingMode.Off; // 门外的陪衬 s.Sphere(s.Lit(new Color(0.3f, 0.5f, 0.85f), 0, 0.5f), new Vector3(-2.0f, 0.45f, -0.6f), 0.9f); s.Cube(s.Lit(new Color(0.85f, 0.35f, 0.3f), 0, 0.3f), new Vector3(1.9f, 0.35f, -0.9f), 0.7f).transform.rotation = Quaternion.Euler(0, 25, 0); if (s.Panel == 0) s.LookAt(new Vector3(0, 1.6f, -5.2f), new Vector3(0, 1.0f, 0), 40); else s.LookAt(new Vector3(-2.4f, 1.8f, -4.4f), new Vector3(0.2f, 1.0f, 0.5f), 40); s.SunDir(45, -30, 1.2f); } // ---------------- RenderObjects：被遮挡部分显示轮廓色 ---------------- const int CharacterLayer = 8; static void Character(Shot s, Material m) { var root = new GameObject("Character"); root.transform.position = new Vector3(0.2f, 0, 0.8f); GameObject Part(GameObject go, Vector3 p, Vector3 sc, Vector3 rot) { go.transform.SetParent(root.transform, false); go.transform.localPosition = p; go.transform.localScale = sc; go.transform.localEulerAngles = rot; go.layer = CharacterLayer; return go; } Part(s.Capsule(m, Vector3.zero), new Vector3(0, 1.0f, 0), new Vector3(0.55f, 0.5f, 0.4f), Vector3.zero); // 躯干 Part(s.Sphere(m, Vector3.zero), new Vector3(0, 1.75f, 0), Vector3.one * 0.42f, Vector3.zero); // 头 Part(s.Capsule(m, Vector3.zero), new Vector3(-0.42f, 1.05f, -0.2f), new Vector3(0.16f, 0.38f, 0.16f), new Vector3(-50, 0, -15)); // 手臂（伸向前方） Part(s.Capsule(m, Vector3.zero), new Vector3(0.12f, 1.1f, -0.32f), new Vector3(0.16f, 0.4f, 0.16f), new Vector3(-75, 0, 55)); // 横在胸前 Part(s.Capsule(m, Vector3.zero), new Vector3(-0.15f, 0.35f, 0), new Vector3(0.2f, 0.4f, 0.2f), Vector3.zero); // 腿 Part(s.Capsule(m, Vector3.zero), new Vector3(0.15f, 0.35f, 0), new Vector3(0.2f, 0.4f, 0.2f), Vector3.zero); } [BookShot("ch16-renderobjects", W = 640, H = 480, Panels = 3)] static void RenderObjectsShot(Shot s) { s.Floor(); var wall = s.Cube(s.Lit(new Color(0.6f, 0.62f, 0.66f), 0, 0.2f), new Vector3(-0.45f, 1.0f, -0.2f)); wall.transform.localScale = new Vector3(1.2f, 2.0f, 0.15f); Character(s, s.Lit(new Color(0.9f, 0.5f, 0.25f), 0, 0.4f)); s.LookAt(new Vector3(0.3f, 1.7f, -4.0f), new Vector3(0, 1.0f, 0.3f), 38); s.SunDir(45, -30, 1.2f); if (s.Panel == 0) return; var silhouette = s.Mat("Cookbook/Ch16/XRaySilhouette"); //#region ro-setup // 1) 默认的不透明 Pass 不再画角色层，交给下面两个 Feature s.Renderer.opaqueLayerMask = ~(1 << CharacterLayer); // 2) 第一个 Feature：正常画角色，同时把模板写成 1（标记“角色可见的像素”） var visible = s.Feature(); visible.settings.passTag = "Character Visible"; visible.settings.Event = RenderPassEvent.AfterRenderingOpaques; visible.settings.filterSettings.RenderQueueType = RenderQueueType.Opaque; visible.settings.filterSettings.LayerMask = 1 << CharacterLayer; visible.settings.overrideMode = RenderObjects.RenderObjectsSettings.OverrideMaterialMode.None; visible.settings.stencilSettings.overrideStencilState = s.Panel == 2; visible.settings.stencilSettings.stencilReference = 1; visible.settings.stencilSettings.stencilCompareFunction = CompareFunction.Always; visible.settings.stencilSettings.passOperation = StencilOp.Replace; // 3) 第二个 Feature：用剪影材质再画一遍，深度测试改成 Greater、不写深度， // 并且只在模板 ≠ 1 的地方画（排除角色自己挡住自己的情况） var occluded = s.Feature(); occluded.settings.passTag = "Character Occluded"; occluded.settings.Event = RenderPassEvent.AfterRenderingOpaques; occluded.settings.filterSettings.RenderQueueType = RenderQueueType.Opaque; occluded.settings.filterSettings.LayerMask = 1 << CharacterLayer; occluded.settings.overrideMode = RenderObjects.RenderObjectsSettings.OverrideMaterialMode.Material; occluded.settings.overrideMaterial = silhouette; occluded.settings.overrideMaterialPassIndex = 0; occluded.settings.overrideDepthState = true; occluded.settings.depthCompareFunction = CompareFunction.Greater; occluded.settings.enableWrite = false; occluded.settings.stencilSettings.overrideStencilState = s.Panel == 2; occluded.settings.stencilSettings.stencilReference = 1; occluded.settings.stencilSettings.stencilCompareFunction = CompareFunction.NotEqual; occluded.settings.stencilSettings.passOperation = StencilOp.Keep; // 4) Feature 在 OnEnable 时就用默认设置 Create 过一次，改完设置要再 Create 一次 visible.Create(); occluded.Create(); //#endregion if (s.Panel == 1) silhouette.SetFloat("_StencilComp", (float)CompareFunction.Always); } } }