// 第 13 章配图 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using Cookbook.Core; using UnityEngine; using UnityEngine.Experimental.Rendering.Universal; using UnityEngine.Rendering; using UnityEngine.Rendering.Universal; namespace Cookbook.Ch13 { static class Ch13Shots { // ---------------- 贴图工具：用不同的“导入设置”重新加载配套贴图 ---------------- static readonly Dictionary s_Cache = new Dictionary(); /// 从 PNG 原始字节建贴图；linear=false 相当于导入设置里勾选 sRGB static Texture2D LoadCore(string name, bool linear, string variant = "", Func edit = null) { string key = name + linear + variant; if (s_Cache.TryGetValue(key, out var t) && t != null) return t; var bytes = File.ReadAllBytes("Assets/Cookbook/_Core/Textures/" + name + ".png"); var tmp = new Texture2D(2, 2, TextureFormat.RGBA32, false, true); tmp.LoadImage(bytes); var px = tmp.GetPixels32(); if (edit != null) for (int i = 0; i < px.Length; i++) px[i] = edit(px[i]); t = new Texture2D(tmp.width, tmp.height, TextureFormat.RGBA32, true, linear) { name = key, wrapMode = TextureWrapMode.Repeat, anisoLevel = 4, hideFlags = HideFlags.DontSave }; t.SetPixels32(px); t.Apply(true); UnityEngine.Object.DestroyImmediate(tmp); return s_Cache[key] = t; } static PaintedMetalGenerator.Result s_PM; static PaintedMetalGenerator.Result PM => s_PM.albedo != null ? s_PM : (s_PM = PaintedMetalGenerator.Generate(PaintedMetalGenerator.Settings.Default)); /// URP Lit + 一整套贴图。mask 同时进 MetallicGlossMap（读 R、A）和 OcclusionMap（读 G） static Material LitSet(Shot s, Texture albedo, Texture mask, Texture normal, float tiling = 1f, float bumpScale = 1f) { var m = s.Lit(Color.white, 0, mask != null ? 1f : 0.5f); m.SetTexture("_BaseMap", albedo); m.SetTextureScale("_BaseMap", Vector2.one * tiling); if (normal != null) { m.SetTexture("_BumpMap", normal); m.SetFloat("_BumpScale", bumpScale); m.EnableKeyword("_NORMALMAP"); } if (mask != null) { m.SetTexture("_MetallicGlossMap", mask); m.EnableKeyword("_METALLICSPECGLOSSMAP"); m.SetTexture("_OcclusionMap", mask); m.EnableKeyword("_OCCLUSIONMAP"); } return m; } static Material Gray(Shot s, float srgb, float metallic = 0, float smooth = 0.45f) => s.Lit(new Color(srgb, srgb, srgb), metallic, smooth); // Color 是 sRGB 值，Unity 在线性空间下自动转换 // ---------------- 色彩空间：sRGB 勾错的后果 ---------------- [BookShot("ch13-colorspace", W = 480, H = 360, Panels = 3)] static void ColorSpace(Shot s) { bool albedoLinear = s.Panel == 1; // 错误：颜色贴图关了 sRGB bool maskSRGB = s.Panel == 2; // 错误：数据贴图开了 sRGB Material Set(string set) => LitSet(s, LoadCore(set + "_albedo", albedoLinear), LoadCore(set + "_mask", !maskSRGB), LoadCore(set + "_normal", true), set == "bricks" ? 1f : 1f); s.Floor(); s.Sphere(Set("paintedmetal"), new Vector3(-0.75f, 0.65f, 0), 1.3f); var c = s.Cube(Set("bricks"), new Vector3(0.9f, 0.55f, 0.2f), 1.1f); c.transform.rotation = Quaternion.Euler(0, 30, 0); s.SunDir(40, -45, 1.2f); s.LookAt(new Vector3(0, 1.5f, -3.8f), new Vector3(0.05f, 0.55f, 0), 38); } // ---------------- 程序化刷漆金属：四个通道 ---------------- [BookShot("ch13-paint-channels", W = 340, H = 340, Panels = 4)] static void PaintChannels(Shot s) { s.Background(Color.black); s.Cam.orthographic = true; s.Cam.orthographicSize = 0.5f; s.Cam.transform.position = new Vector3(0, 0, -2); s.Cam.transform.rotation = Quaternion.identity; s.Sun.enabled = false; var m = s.Mat("Cookbook/Ch13/ChannelView"); int[] ch = { 4, 0, 1, 3 }; m.SetTexture("_MainTex", s.Panel == 0 ? PM.albedo : PM.mask); m.SetFloat("_Channel", ch[s.Panel]); m.SetFloat("_LinearData", s.Panel == 0 ? 0 : 1); s.Quad(m, Vector3.zero, 1f); } // ---------------- 程序化刷漆金属：逐步加贴图 ---------------- [BookShot("ch13-paint-flow", W = 440, H = 360, Panels = 4)] static void PaintFlow(Shot s) { var pm = PM; if (s.Panel == 3) { var st = PaintedMetalGenerator.Settings.Default; st.wear = 0.62f; st.paintColor = new Color(0.62f, 0.16f, 0.1f); st.seed = 21; pm = PaintedMetalGenerator.Generate(st); } Material Make() => LitSet(s, pm.albedo, s.Panel >= 1 ? pm.mask : null, s.Panel >= 2 ? pm.normal : null, 1f, 1f); s.Floor(); s.Sphere(Make(), new Vector3(-0.7f, 0.65f, 0), 1.3f); var c = s.Cube(Make(), new Vector3(0.85f, 0.5f, 0.3f), 1.0f); c.transform.rotation = Quaternion.Euler(0, 35, 0); s.SunDir(38, -50, 1.2f); s.LookAt(new Vector3(0, 1.6f, -3.6f), new Vector3(0.05f, 0.5f, 0), 38); } // ---------------- 把粗糙度当光滑度用 ---------------- [BookShot("ch13-rough-as-smooth", W = 480, H = 360, Panels = 2)] static void RoughAsSmooth(Shot s) { // 砖墙 Mask 的 A 通道是光滑度（砖 0.25~0.4、灰缝 0.1）；右图模拟“把粗糙度图直接塞进光滑度通道” var mask = s.Panel == 0 ? LoadCore("bricks_mask", true) : LoadCore("bricks_mask", true, "invA", c => new Color32(c.r, c.g, c.b, (byte)(255 - c.a))); Material Make(float tiling) => LitSet(s, LoadCore("bricks_albedo", false), mask, LoadCore("bricks_normal", true), tiling, 1.2f); s.Floor(Make(5f), 10f); var wall = s.Cube(Make(2f), new Vector3(0, 1.5f, 1.5f), 1f); wall.transform.localScale = new Vector3(6f, 3f, 0.2f); s.SunDir(28, -55, 1.3f); s.LookAt(new Vector3(-1.4f, 0.9f, -1.8f), new Vector3(0.4f, 0.55f, 1.0f), 50); } // ---------------- Albedo 取值：从纯黑到纯白 ---------------- static readonly int[] GraySteps = { 0, 15, 45, 80, 128, 190, 235, 255 }; [BookShot("ch13-albedo-range", W = 960, H = 300, Panels = 2)] static void AlbedoRange(Shot s) { s.Background(new Color(0.32f, 0.33f, 0.35f)); for (int i = 0; i < GraySteps.Length; i++) { var m = Gray(s, GraySteps[i] / 255f, 0, 0.4f); if (s.Panel == 1) m.shader = Shader.Find("Cookbook/Ch13/PBRValidate"); s.Sphere(m, new Vector3(-3.85f + i * 1.1f, 0, 0), 1f); } s.SunDir(40, -35, 1.2f); s.LookAt(new Vector3(0, 0, -12f), Vector3.zero, 15); } // ---------------- 金属度的常见错误 ---------------- [BookShot("ch13-metal-errors", W = 960, H = 330)] static void MetalErrors(Shot s) { s.Floor(); var gold = new Color(1f, 0.78f, 0.42f); Material[] mats = { s.Lit(gold, 1, 0.75f), // 正确：亮色金属 s.Lit(new Color(0.16f, 0.13f, 0.09f), 1, 0.75f), // 错误：金属的 Albedo 画得很暗 s.Lit(gold, 0.5f, 0.75f), // 错误：大面积“半金属” s.Lit(gold, 0, 0.75f), // 错误：金属材质忘了开金属度 s.Lit(new Color(0.7f, 0.08f, 0.06f), 1, 0.75f), // 错误：红色塑料被设成金属 }; for (int i = 0; i < mats.Length; i++) s.Sphere(mats[i], new Vector3(-2.4f + i * 1.2f, 0.55f, 0), 1.05f); s.SunDir(40, -35, 1.25f); s.LookAt(new Vector3(0, 1.9f, -6.6f), new Vector3(0, 0.45f, 0), 30); } // ---------------- 法线贴图的常见错误 ---------------- [BookShot("ch13-normal-errors", W = 440, H = 330, Panels = 4)] static void NormalErrors(Shot s) { Texture2D n; float scale = 1f; switch (s.Panel) { case 1: n = LoadCore("bricks_normal", true, "flipY", c => new Color32(c.r, (byte)(255 - c.g), c.b, c.a)); break; // Y 翻转（DirectX 约定） case 2: n = LoadCore("bricks_normal", false); break; // 没标记成 Normal Map：被当成 sRGB 颜色解码 default: n = LoadCore("bricks_normal", true); break; } if (s.Panel == 3) scale = 3.5f; // 强度拉过头 var m = LitSet(s, LoadCore("bricks_albedo", false), LoadCore("bricks_mask", true), n, 1f, scale); var wall = s.Quad(m, new Vector3(0, 1f, 0), 3f); // Quad 默认朝 -Z，正对相机 s.Background(new Color(0.15f, 0.16f, 0.18f)); s.SunDir(68, 25, 2.0f); // 从上方贴着墙面照下来的掠射光：凸起砖块的上沿受光、下沿背光 s.LookAt(new Vector3(0, 1f, -2.0f), new Vector3(0, 1f, 0), 36); } // ---------------- 光照环境对判断的影响 ---------------- [BookShot("ch13-lighting-env", W = 480, H = 360, Panels = 3)] static void LightingEnv(Shot s) { s.Floor(); s.Sphere(LitSet(s, PM.albedo, PM.mask, PM.normal), new Vector3(-1.05f, 0.55f, 0), 1.1f); s.Sphere(Gray(s, 0.73f, 0, 0.3f), new Vector3(0.15f, 0.4f, -0.4f), 0.8f); // 中性灰参考球 var c = s.Cube(LitSet(s, LoadCore("bricks_albedo", false), LoadCore("bricks_mask", true), LoadCore("bricks_normal", true)), new Vector3(1.2f, 0.45f, 0.3f), 0.9f); c.transform.rotation = Quaternion.Euler(0, 30, 0); s.LookAt(new Vector3(0, 1.5f, -3.9f), new Vector3(0.05f, 0.45f, 0), 38); if (s.Panel == 1) { // 夕阳：低角度暖色主光 + 偏蓝、偏暗的环境光 s.SunDir(9, -60, 1.6f); s.Sun.color = new Color(1f, 0.55f, 0.25f); var sh = new SphericalHarmonicsL2(); sh.AddAmbientLight(new Color(0.05f, 0.08f, 0.16f)); RenderSettings.ambientProbe = sh; RenderSettings.reflectionIntensity = 0.35f; } else if (s.Panel == 2) { // 黑屋子里一盏偏冷的点光：没有环境光、没有反射 s.Sun.enabled = false; s.Background(Color.black); RenderSettings.ambientProbe = new SphericalHarmonicsL2(); RenderSettings.reflectionIntensity = 0f; s.Point(new Vector3(-0.3f, 1.6f, -1.2f), new Color(0.75f, 0.85f, 1f), 3.5f, 6f); } else s.SunDir(42, -40, 1.25f); } // ---------------- 校验用场景 ---------------- static void ValidationScene(Shot s) { s.Floor(LitSet(s, LoadCore("bricks_albedo", false), LoadCore("bricks_mask", true), LoadCore("bricks_normal", true), 8f), 16f); Material[] mats = { Gray(s, 0.02f, 0, 0.4f), // 电介质过暗（“纯黑”） s.Lit(new Color(0.55f, 0.3f, 0.2f), 0, 0.4f), // 正常电介质 Gray(s, 1f, 0, 0.4f), // 电介质过亮（“纯白”） s.Lit(new Color(0.95f, 0.75f, 0.45f), 0.5f, 0.7f), // 金属度灰区 s.Lit(new Color(0.18f, 0.18f, 0.2f), 1, 0.7f), // 金属但 Albedo 很暗 s.Lit(new Color(0.95f, 0.93f, 0.88f), 1, 0.7f), // 正常金属 }; for (int i = 0; i < mats.Length; i++) s.Sphere(mats[i], new Vector3(-2.75f + i * 1.1f, 0.5f, 0), 0.95f); s.Knot(LitSet(s, PM.albedo, PM.mask, PM.normal), new Vector3(0, 0.75f, 2.1f), 0.5f); s.SunDir(42, -35, 1.2f); s.LookAt(new Vector3(0, 2.5f, -6.4f), new Vector3(0, 0.6f, 0.6f), 38); } // 用 URP 的 Rendering Debugger 做材质校验（与在 Window › Analysis › Rendering Debugger 里点选等价） static void DebugValidation(Shot s, DebugMaterialValidationMode mode) { var mat = UniversalRenderPipelineDebugDisplaySettings.Instance.materialSettings; mat.materialValidationMode = mode; // 本张图渲染 3 帧后自动恢复，避免影响后面的配图 int frames = 0; Action reset = null; reset = (ctx, cam) => { if (cam != s.Cam || ++frames < 3) return; mat.materialValidationMode = DebugMaterialValidationMode.None; RenderPipelineManager.endCameraRendering -= reset; }; RenderPipelineManager.endCameraRendering += reset; } [BookShot("ch13-rd", W = 540, H = 330, Panels = 3)] static void RenderingDebugger(Shot s) { ValidationScene(s); if (s.Panel == 1) DebugValidation(s, DebugMaterialValidationMode.Albedo); if (s.Panel == 2) DebugValidation(s, DebugMaterialValidationMode.Metallic); } //#region validate_feature // 用 RenderObjects（Override Mode = Shader）把整个场景的不透明物体用 PBRValidate 重画一遍。 // 与在 Renderer 资产的 Inspector 里手动添加 Render Objects Feature 并这样填写等价。 static void AddValidateFeature(Shot s) { Shader.SetGlobalVector("_PBRValidateRange", new Vector4(30f / 255f, 240f / 255f, 180f / 255f, 1f)); var f = s.Feature(); f.settings.Event = RenderPassEvent.AfterRenderingOpaques; f.settings.filterSettings.RenderQueueType = RenderQueueType.Opaque; f.settings.filterSettings.LayerMask = ~0; f.settings.overrideMode = RenderObjects.RenderObjectsSettings.OverrideMaterialMode.Shader; f.settings.overrideShader = Shader.Find("Cookbook/Ch13/PBRValidate"); f.settings.overrideShaderPassIndex = 0; f.Create(); // 改完 settings 要重新 Create，Feature 才会按新设置建 Pass } //#endregion [BookShot("ch13-validate", W = 720, H = 400, Panels = 2)] static void Validate(Shot s) { ValidationScene(s); if (s.Panel == 1) AddValidateFeature(s); } // ---------------- 砖墙 PBR 套图 ---------------- [BookShot("ch13-bricks", W = 480, H = 360, Panels = 3)] static void Bricks(Shot s) { var mask = s.Panel >= 1 ? LoadCore("bricks_mask", true) : null; Material Make(float tiling) { var m = LitSet(s, LoadCore("bricks_albedo", false), mask, LoadCore("bricks_normal", true), tiling, 1.2f); if (s.Panel == 2) { m.SetTexture("_ParallaxMap", LoadCore("bricks_height", true)); m.SetFloat("_Parallax", 0.05f); m.EnableKeyword("_PARALLAXMAP"); } return m; } s.Floor(Make(5f), 10f); var wall = s.Cube(Make(2f), new Vector3(0, 1.5f, 1.5f), 1f); wall.transform.localScale = new Vector3(6f, 3f, 0.2f); s.SunDir(28, -55, 1.3f); s.LookAt(new Vector3(-1.4f, 0.9f, -1.8f), new Vector3(0.4f, 0.55f, 1.0f), 50); if (s.Panel == 0) Debug.Log("[Ch13] audit _Core/Textures: " + string.Join(" | ", PBRTextureAudit.AuditFolder("Assets/Cookbook/_Core/Textures")) + " (end)"); } } }